A Mining Community
As with many towns and villages in the area at that time, Kirkby in Ashfield was a mining community. So, as with all families there, the life of my grandad’s family took place against a backdrop of coal mining.
John Smith
Grandad’s brother-in-law, John (Smith), Olive’s husband, worked as a miner. In the 1911 census, his job was listed as a colliery onsetter below ground, i.e. he was responsible for the loading and unloading of cages. However, in the 1939 register, he was listed as a motor haulage contractor, bus proprietor.
In February 1914, grandad noted that he had gone up to see Olive but she was not there as “she had gone to the pit to take John’s strap”. John had a number of accidents as a miner and grandad noted these. In one case he trapped his thumb and, in another, he was crushed between some tubs. Based on figures for deaths at the Summit colliery, see Chapter 59, this was the second commonest cause of miners being killed after the roof collapsing.
Fortunately, John did not experience serious injury but he had some close shaves. In July 1914, grandad noted that “John had a narrow escape from the chair killing him”.
Collieries in the Area
There were many collieries in the vicinity of Kirkby. The collieries in the Kirkby area are briefly described in Bill Clay-Dove’s book “Kirkby-in-Ashfield: An Interesting Township” (from p45). Much more detail is available in the book by A R Griffin “Mining in the East Midlands 1550-1947”. Mark Ashfield provides interesting insights in his chapter “When Miners Came Home Black” in his book “Christmas Pigs and a Summer Donkey” pp51-57.
Summit Colliery
Why “Summit”?
The closest, in the town itself, the Colliery in Kirkby was known locally as Summit. This was because it was at the highest point on the railway between Pinxton and Mansfield. The colliery was sunk by the Butterley Company in 1888 to 1890 with a third shaft, to the Blackshale seam, being sunk in 1912.
Closure
Although there had been plans for Summit to become a “Super Pit” with an annual output of 1.5 million tons of coal, it was controversially closed in July 1968 when it began to experience geological problems and a planning application for a new pit tip and slurry pond extension was turned down. At the time of closure, the pit employed 2,258 men.
Serious Injuries and Deaths
William James Martin
Not all the injuries which occurred there were minor. In June 1914, grandad noted that “Mr Martin got hurt at Summit Col” and that, on the 15th, his mother and Mrs Annie Bowmar “went to see Mrs Martin”, presumably because of the injury to her husband. Grandad did not say how severe Mr Martin’s injuries were but it seems they were serious as, in November 1914, he notes “Buried Mr Martin”. Based on a list on Kirkby Living Memory Facebook Group, he was William James Martin, aged 36. He died as a result of a roof collapse and kidney disease. His wife’s name was Ann Mary and they had six children.
Details of the Incident
Based on a report on the Durham Mining Museum website, he was a stallman. On 11 June 1914, he was “cutting down some clod to make room for a bar to support a slip to which he had just set a catch prop. He liberated the slip which allowed 2 cwts. of coal to fall upon his back causing injuries from which he died on 20th November, 1914“.
Above left – grandad’s diary entry for 25 November 1914 which notes that Mr Martin was buried
Above right – list of miners killed at Summit Colliery between 1895 and 1922. Mr Martin’s death highlighted. List from Kirkby Living Memory Facebook Group
Inquest
I found more detail in a news article in the Mansfield Reporter and Sutton Times of 27 November 1914. This noted that Mr Martin’s inquest had taken place, at Nottingham General Hospital, on 24 November 1914. It was attended by E H Frazer, his Majesty’s inspector of mines, W Carter of Notts Miners’ Association and J Bircumshaw and J Ellis Fermer for the Butterley Colliery Company. Mr Martin was taken to hospital in Nottingham where he was found to have a ruptured bladder and a fractured pelvis. He was discharged from hospital in July but was readmitted in October with symptoms of kidney disease. He remained in hospital from then until he died.
Mr Hind
Also, in January 1918, grandad recorded that “Mr Hinds had both legs cut off at the Summit crossing & died at Mansfield Hospital.” However, I have not found any details of a Mr Hinds dying in the area during this period. A Mr Samuel Hind did die in the first quarter of 1918 in Mansfield. Based on the 1911 census, he lived in Edward Street and was a coal miner hewer.
Right – news cutting from Nottingham Journal of 12 January 1914 obtained through paid subscription to FindMyPast
Tragedy at Bentinck
On 30 June 1915, at the neighbouring Bentinck colliery, two cages that were taking men up and down the 1,500 foot mine shaft, collided. There are very extensive details of this tragedy on the Northern Mine Research Society’s website. In addition, there has been discussion of this on the Kirkby Living Memory Facebook Group including a photo from the newspaper on 1 July.
The Accident
There were 14 men in the descending cage and two in the one that was ascending. Seven men, who had been in the descending cage were knocked out of it and were killed. In the descending cage, two of the men were dead and the remaining five were injured. They were suspended in a cage that had lost its flooring. The two men in the ascending cage were injured but not seriously. The rescue of the men from the cage took several hours and longer to recover the bodies of those who had died. There is a very striking eye witness story by Charles Simpson, one of the surviving men, on the Northern Mine Research Society’s website.
Those who were killed in the accident were:
- Willlie Sysan aged 18 years
- William Bacon aged 40 years who left a widow and seven children
- Harold Brown aged 14 years
- Ferdinand Wright aged 45 years who left six children
- Percy Staton aged 32 years who left a widow and four children
- Amos Allen aged 32 years who left a widow and a child
- George Simpson
- Willis King aged 25 years
- John C. Fletcher aged 39 years
Those who were seriously injured were:
- W. Bacon aged 60 years who had a broken leg and head injuries
- C. Baron who was seriously injured and taken to hospital
Others less seriously injured were:
- James Smith
- E. Ainger aged 32 years
- Robert Walker aged 24 years
- Harold Shelton aged 28 years
- Charles Simpson aged 37 years
Grandad Recorded the Accident
Grandad recorded the incident in his diary “Bentinck cages caught, 10 men killed, 9 hurt”. Initially, it was thought that the death toll had been higher with the local newspaper reporting that 12 miners had been killed. As more accurate information became available, the death toll was revised down. Grandad also noted that, within three months of the disaster, his friend Willie Clover had started to work at Bentinck colliery on nights.
Mining in Other Books
Many of the books relating to Kirkby that I have consulted reflect the mining environment which dominated the town for many years. For example, in her book(let) “I Remember” (p52), Edith Searson recalled as “a notable event” the installation of a pithead bath at Bentinck Colliery in 1935 as this meant miners could wash before returning home after a shift.
Chris Kidger of Kirkby Heritage Centre has produced a book(let) about Summit Colliery which captures experiences of people who worked there.
